Difficulty pronouncing sounds correctly or using the right sounds in words.

• Expressive language disorders (difficulty expressing thoughts and ideas).

• Receptive language disorders (difficulty understanding spoken or written language).

• Mixed language disorders (combination of expressive and receptive difficulties).

Stuttering and other fluency-related issues.

Difficulties with pitch, loudness, or quality of the voice.

Impairments in memory, problem-solving, attention, and other cognitive functions affecting communication.

Difficulty with social interaction, understanding nonverbal cues, and using appropriate social communication skills.

Difficulty with chewing, swallowing, and managing food and liquid safely.

Motor speech disorder affecting the ability to plan and coordinate the movements needed for speech.

Speech disorder caused by weakness or paralysis of the muscles used for speech.

Language impairment often resulting from stroke or other brain injuries.

Communication and cognitive impairments resulting from head injuries.

Delayed speech and language development in children.

Assessing and treating difficulties related to swallowing, which can affect individuals of all ages.

Helping individuals modify their accents for improved communication.

Working to achieve voice goals that align with gender identity.

Addressing communication challenges related to cognitive decline and memory issues in adults and older individuals.